images for issues
Two Torock from West Coast region are next to each other. They are spool-shaped cage distaffs and the cage is divided into two halves. They are intricately carved. The one on the right has a little ball that is carved inside and the date 1861 in Roman numerals.
Three blånkräkla, blånkrona or tow crown distaffs. The two on the left look like they were made from a tree branch with a post and small pieces sticking out and the bark striped off. The one on the right has a turned post and arm, the top part has a circular base with wooden spikes inserted into it.
Sixteen Swedish distaffs for flax from the collection of Kirsi Manni are arranged in a row. All are carved from wood and some are painted. From the left the first three are elliptical in shape. Next is a long pole carved at the top. The next nine are spear-shaped with intricate carvings and cut-outs. The last three are flat rectangular boards with sections cut out with teeth-like points to hold the flax fibers.
Close-up of two distaffs called rock parallel to each other showing carved, spear-shaped heads, with the details of the carvings on the right-hand ends.
Three Rockhuvud distaffs typical of those attached to spinning wheels in Dalarma region are arranged one above the other. Each one has a post to set into the wheel table, an arm that projects out, and the distaff at the top. They are all turned but the one at the top is plain wood and not as ornately carved as the other two that are also painted. The distaff part at the top is a narrow conical shape.
Ornately carved and painted distaffs from northern regions of Sweden. Four long spear-shaped distaffs are in row. From the left the first one is triangular in shape painted blue/gray with delicate carvings. The second has notches at the top and square boxes cut out at the bottom that have small bells in them. The third is triangular, painted blue with two cut-outs. The fourth one, painted green, is more conical with curved, swirl-like cut-outs.
A wooden table with a short leg on the left and two higher legs on the right, has a large wheel with 10 spokes on the right. A treadle pad has an arm that connects to a footman. The footman goes across to the accelerating wheel, counterbalance weight, and spindle post, which is in an upright vertical position.
Close up of left end shows the parts of counterbalanced wheel in neutral position.
1-Treadle base;
2-Treadle arm;
3-Footman;
insert shows 4-Footman hook;
5-Spindle post
On the lower right a purple-socked foot is pushing on the treadle. Numbers show the steps to twist the wool fiber.
1. The spinner turns the wheel clockwise;
2. the right foot slowly presses the treadle forward/down;
3. the footman moves to the left, pushing the footman hook also to the left;
4. the spindle post subsequently rotates counter-clockwise, causing
5. the spindle to move away from the spinner.
The large arrow pointing to the left shows the direction in which the spindle is moving.
On the lower right a purple-socked foot is pushing on the treadle. Numbers show the steps to wind the yarn onto the spindle.
1. The spinner continues turning the wheel clockwise.
2. The yarn is moved towards the table, perpendicular to the spindle shaft.
3. The right foot slowly presses the back of the treadle downward,
4. causing the footman and footman hook to be pulled to the right.
5. The weight, which was lifted upward during the twisting action, is being pulled downward by gravity, facilitating the clockwise rotation of the spindle post,
6. which moves the spindle closer to the spinner.
The large arrow pointing to the right shows the direction in which the spindle is moving.
Great wheel with spindle post in foreground. Table has board tensioner with large bolt on top. Drive wheel has 12 spokes and a flat rim.
Wooden table on four legs that have braces between the legs and the table. Metal drive wheel with handle on left. Accelerating wheel on right with bands that connect to spindle half way to drive wheel.
Line drawings of patent for Canadian Patent #201, given in 1868 to Daniel H. Spragg, mechanic, and Isaiah W. Holden, mechanic, County of St. John, New Brunswick, Canada. Upper diagram is view from top. Lower drawing is side view showing table with drive wheel on right and accelerating wheel on left. Not very detailed.
Map of Estonia has Suur-Pakri highlighted in blue on the northwest coast on the Gulf of Finland, and the Estonian National Museum in Tartu in the southeast.
A man with his left arm outstretched stands behind a sled filled with household items from Hinders farm when they evacuated in March 1939. The spinning wheel can be seen on top of pile. A wooden building can be seen in the distance in the left hand corner.
Side view of wooden frame with vertical pieces on the sides with horizontal pieces at top, middle, and near bottom. Between top and middle a flat cut out piece reinforces the structure. On each side is a wooden diagonal piece with a half circle cut out. Shafts and strings can be seen within the frame.
View of wooden frame from one side facing the weaver. At the top is a hanging beater set into brackets with a reed. Strings with handles can be seen in from of the reed. There is flat piece of wood between the two diagonal pieces on each side. A round beam is below that. Strings can be seen going around pulleys set into a piece of wood in the middle of the bottom crosspiece.
View from the top showing two shafts with string heddles. Pulleys with strings above and strings to pulleys below on bottom crosspiece. Beater can be seen behind the shafts.
Rectangular wooden board with a pair of short uprights at each end with two dowels between them. A wooden ratchet and pawl are next to an upright at each end.
Restored loom shows arms added on each side to hold wooden hole-and-slot heddle in the middle, resting on a block. Warp in blue, green, red, and yellow thread going from one end through the heddle to the other.
Side view of restored loom with heddle resting on the base. Warp threads clearly separated to make the shed. Hands visible on the right.
Loom assembled showing front breast beam, overhead beater, clothe beam, four shafts, and four treadles. A half-circle shaped loom bench is set into bottom bar at front of loom and leans out away from the loom.
Pieces of Second Weaver Rose Loom when it arrived. Pieces of wood of varying sizes and thicknesses laying across each other both horizontally and vertically. Only recognizable shape is of a wooden shuttle in foreground.
A wooden base on feet holds three vertical supports with a horizontal crosspiece half way up. The front upright leans at an angle toward the weaver. Dowels are set into the supports. String heddles are set between the first and second supports and tied to a dowel in the middle of the middle support. A warp goes through the heddles and around the dowels.
Two vertical supports hold the spool for the warp on one end and the spool for the woven tape at the other. Two horizontal pieces are between them. In the middle is a vertical wooden piece that is attached to the top horizontal board. On each side of it is a piece of wood that holds each of the two shafts with string heddles. They go through the crosspiece and are tied to the two treadles on the bottom. At the top is a pulley and the shafts are tied to that. A warp is threaded through the shafts.
Large wooden loom viewed from the side, warp beam on right rests in wide upright, Broad pieces of wood on side attached to tall front pieces. Overhead piece sticks out, cantilevers over loom and holds overhead beater. Breast beam is attached on side by metal bracket. Shafts with string heddles in foreground.
Front shows warp threads tied to board. Threads go through the reed and the string heddles on the shafts to the warp beam. Warp beam is pulled beyond the back of the loom on extenders on each side, wood pieces with notches, for ease of putting sizing on the threads.
Large wooden loom viewed from rear and side. Warp beam held by two broad pieces a flat board is under the warp beam. The back of four treadles can be seen under it. Two tall front posts hold a wooden frame that cantilevers over the loom. The overhead beater hangs from the frame. Also two short pieces of wood hold a rod over which hand the pulleys to which are attached the horses that hold the shafts.
Close up of metal bracket attached to a wooden post. Wooden breast beam fits within the bracket. Intricate geometric design carved into surface of metal.
Index through issue #121
Line drawing from patent, title at top says “Improved, combined spinning, reeling and quilling machine.” On left thin boards with short posts sticking up, gears under them. To right is an accelerating head with a band to a larger wheel. At bottom is signature of inventor, John Henry Nute.
Old photograph from 1871 of Nute Brothers’ Factory, New Glasgow, Nova Scotia. Carriage drawn by a white horse stands in front of a two-story wooden building. A row of six men stand on a ledge in front of the second story, the fourth man has wheels in his hands. Two men stand on a ladder going from the ledge to the wagon. They appear to be putting a wheel into the wagon.
One round front leg goes to two round bars that form a frame with two round back legs that go up beyond the drive wheel to a short rod. There is a stretcher between the back legs and two lower ones on the sides. A bobbin/flyer unit is above the single leg. The piston-style drive-wheel axle fits between the two tall legs and the footman is within the frame to the treadle.
Three turned legs support a rectangular frame made from turned pieces. The turned drive-wheel post holds the wheel that has twelve spokes and a flat rim. At the far end is the turned spindle post with an accelerating head on the top.
